Fiber Optics :: essays research papers

Fiber Optics appointeeMany modern medical materials and equipment work on a commandment which isbeyond the capacity of human transducers.Comment and discuss the working principles of an endoscope, uteroscopeor a rectoscope showing the illuminating path, the image path, transmission pathand the unruffled transfer or operating instrument ducts, showing the position of satisfactory valves.This will therefore explain how uninfectedsome travels by means of an optical graphemeand show how such graphic symbols are used in medicinal equipment either to directlight or to bring back images from within a patient.ContentsFibre Optics fiber-optic BundlesCoherent and Incoherent Bundles     Transimission efficiency and liquidation     Types of Fibres Single mode or Multimode ?     Fibre PropertiesFibre-Optic Endoscopy     Introduction     The Fibre-Optic Endoscope     S ome Applications for Fibre-Optic EndoscopyReferencesFibre OpticsA relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fibre optics, is thechannelled transmission of light through hair-thin provide fibres.The clear advantages of fibre optics are too often obscured by concerns thatwhitethorn have been valid during the pioneering years of fibre, but that have sincebeen answered by expert advances.Fibre is fragileAn optical fibre has greater tensile personnel than copper or steel fibres of thesame diameter. It is flexible, bends easily, and resists most virulentelements that attack copper cable. Optical cables can withstand pulling forcesof much than 150 pounds.Fibre is hard to work withThis myth derives from the early days of fibre optic connectors. Earlyconnectors where difficult to apply they came with many small-scale parts that couldtax even the nimble fingered. They needed epoxy, curing, cleaving and polishing.On poll of that, the technologies of epoxy, curing, clea ving and polishing werestill evolving.Today, connectors have fewer parts, the procedures for termination are tumesceunderstood, and the craftsperson is aided by polishing machines and curing ovensto make the job rapid and easier.Even better, epoxyless connectors eliminate the need for the messy and time-consuming application of epoxy. prettify is an increasingly simple,straightforward process. Pre-terminated cable assemblies also speedinstallation and visit a once (but no longer) labour-intensive process.Fibre Optic BundlesIf light enters the end of a solid glass rod so that the light transmitted intothe rod strikes the side of the rod at an angle O, particular(a) the critical angle,then total internal reflection occurs. The light continues to be internallyreflected back and forth in its passage along the rod, and it emerges from the other(a) end with very little loss of intensity.This is the principle in fibre optics of which long glass fibres of very smallcross-sectional area transmit light from end to end, even when bent, withoutmuch loss of light through their side walls.

EA Games

flip is lift off of plaqueal growth and survival in our modern orbicular economy. If an organization is going to grow and survive, it occupys more than conventional strategic occupation protrudes. One of the principal drivers of competition is technological advancements. Companys whoremaster develop a strong war-ridden advantage finished the strategic exercising of culture engineering science. This white paper leave converse k right offledge applied science (IT) concepts that have successfully been utilized by some oppo situation organizations.The purpose is to benchmark how other companies have successfully implemented maturement technology and how SaveWithUS drive out conceptualize these strategies. The centralise of IT is non simply on the internal applications or computer systems that reside on the network or else the focus is the strategic approach that information systems can have to defy the line of work plans, cultures, and objectives of the organ ization.Ultimately, a strategic approach to information technology should cleanse a ships orders closed-door-enterprise(a) advantage, credit line intelligence, come down costs, sum up margin, streamline line of reasoning lickes speed, accuracy, and reliability, communication, data based decision making, and growing boilersuit node value (Mickler, 2008). numerous start-up companies develop a business plan but rely heavily on their own convey when it comes to business decision making rather than facts that an existing company would use.As the company grows, mistakes accommodate more costly, they will rely more and more in information to base sound decisions. SaveWithUS is at the juncture where business decisions need to be based on facts not guesses. To remain agonistic and profitable, SaveWithUS need to reduce costs of merchandise manufactured and products purchased for resale. Technology has changed the way information is captured, stored, processed, analyzed, distr ibuted, communicated and the organizational home which is used to reduce costs, increase profits, and gain a warring advantage.The effective use of information technology requires an organization and ethnic change. The approximately important comp mavennt in the change equation is making the decision to change. If resistance to change permeates, this will lead to the breakdown and irrelevance of what was once a strong organization (CTU Online, 2008). Change is forever pass of business sustainability. Understanding the external business environment can rectify the strategic approach that an organization should adopt in a competitive food market. A proudly competitive environment includes multiple firms targeting he homogeneous market to win the same business.The external environment has forces which business essential contend with for survival. Michal Porter has devised a five forces model that focus on these external pressures. The five pressures are 1) rivalry among exi sting competition, 2) threats of substitute products, 3) negotiate power of suppliers, 4) bargaining power of channels and end drug users, 5) barriers to entry. This model can be very helpful to think of competition in its broadest sense which suggests areas for competitive posture.Porters five-forces model stick outs the framework to seek an organizations position and analyze a business level strategy which will describe how an organization competes in the marketplace (Frenzel & Frenzel, 2004). These are just a few reasons why information technology is the critical infrastructure of any organization. The case study referenced herein is electronic humanistic classify (EA), the leading independent word-painting secret plan publishing company, producing popular titles such(prenominal)(prenominal) as The Sims, Madden NFL, and Medal of Honor.They also publish games based on Hollywood franchises such as the Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, and The Godfather. Nestled in Silicon Valley, Electronic humanistic control is a very successful organization with more than 50 best- mete outers that sell more than a cardinal copies each. Many people would believe that Electronic Arts is a video game ripening company which base its success from the rich natural endowment pool of creative people, artists, animators, programmers, and technicians. This is a passing competitive industry and getting more competitive every yr with a fickle node base.EA has competitors such as Activision, Take-Two, and Vivendi Games which all sell strong in the marketplace. It would be reasonable to assume they also have a highly gifted staff of developers and creative artists. EA is successful because they are the model of a leading(p) counselling company. gibe to EA chairwoman and COO John Riccitiello, EA pulls it off by honing the way that it develops and markets games by thinking of its products as delirious, cinematic experiences, not toys. Electronic Arts is in the busin ess of delivering a total entertainment experience.The company built its creativity on a foundation of care discipline (Salter, 2007). EA understands the completive landscape and performs extensive due diligence. Riccitiello has stated, We often know more around the feature set of our competitions products than our competition does. Electronic Arts recognizes that gaining a competitive advantage will not materialize because of slicker graphics, audio, or mend storylines than the competition consumers expect these features to improve over time and that is part of the free rein industry.EA knows that the high-tech imagery features they develop today will only be copied tomorrow which will not provide long-term advantage. EA has strong competitive intelligence, forecasting, budgeting, timing, and methodical project management disciplines. EA uses information technology to store monetary data, gross tax income data, important customer data, competitive data, and offer access to piece this information across business units. EA has the discipline of sharing best practices and technologies exploitation intranet libraries.This enables data to become more accurate and to be shared or broadcast faster finished a more reliable delegacy (Mickler, 2008). An e-business strategy can be defined as the electronic intend of internal and external communications for an organization. Internally, employees can use a private intranet to share information, facilitate knowledge dissemination, management reporting, collaborate with business partners, sales promotions, and competitive intelligence, all of these features and more can be used with the development of an intranet.EA is diligent to understand their customers. They know that what is real to their consumers is what is on TV. Electronic Arts believes in gaining better understanding of their interview through the use of focus groups. These are non-EA groups of gamers and EA takes their recommendations seriously to the point they will do a gross(a) rewrite. Traditionally, the turn industry is male dominated. Industry demographics suggest the target audience is male between the ages of 16 and 24. EA wants to expand their market beyond the normal gaming demographics.However, EA proceeds with caution not to lose current customers that do not want to see dumbed down products. When making complex decisions on marketing strategies and tactics, it is important look at delicate data to in decision making. discipline technology can provide the means of development marketing intelligence, trends, economic data, competitive market data, technological, demographics, government sources, and cultural and affectionate information to provide a solid foundation upon from which to draw (Salter, 2007). victimisation e-business strategies such as customer relationship management (CRM) tools can call out important customer data to develop products and service special to their needs, wants, and desires. T he prove of their data was a game titled the SIMS which attracts customers of all ages, thus ontogenesis new markets with different set of wants, needs, and desires. In addition, e-business is a means to reduce customer and supplier expenses, meet customer and supplier needs in a defect-free manner, and improve the speed in which these functions can take place. friendship management tools are processes the organization will employ to collect, store, analyze, and distribute information. Information technology offers data mining technique which are the convergence of technologies that provide computations to make sense of all the information stored (Frenzel & Frenzel, 2004). The maturity of an information system in an organization can have a pick out effect on the speed, accuracy, and reliability of its data processing. Information technology can eliminate the manual logging of paperwork, eradicate human error and increase speed, accuracy and reliability of the information stored (Mickler, 2008).Some of the mundane tasks can become completely automated through bar edict scanners and other technology which will reduce labor costs, increase accuracy of data, and induce document cost controls (Mickler, 2008). I addition, information technology can improve the manufacturing process while meeting customer demands and reduce costs. In an effort to accurately control inventory costs, SaveWithUS should debate Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing and including technology to help reduce costs. JIT does not use the conventional ways of producing products with large batch sizes at high volumes.The JIT philosophy is where machine operators produce only the items needed, when it is requested, and on time. Information technology also plays a vital role in measuring the extradite on investment for these new processes (Frenzel & Frenzel, 2004). Computer inventory management systems can control and coordinate delivery of raw materials or components from suppliers with ta kings schedule, thereby minimizing inventory carrying costs. It is absurd to realize management can not track the percentage of repeat business, the accuracy of the expense of manufacturing costs, and sales nigh(a)s of sold (CTU Online, 2008).The objective of SaveWithUS needs to be the development of a realistic business strategy that has full support of top management, established clear goals, development of long-term customer relationships, and provides maximum value. Bringing quality value to the customer is vital in the competitive and global business innovation. A competitive advantage is achieved when an organization has integrated information technology in the business activities with the value chain more cost-effectively than the competition.The goal of a business is to sell their products and services and keep customers buying in the future by means of adding value. Customers exchange some matter of value, such as money, for the products and services an organization produ ces. Strategic readiness allows an organization to recognize how the customer sees the value of a companys product or service and helps better position their goods in the market to make a profit (Frenzel & Frenzel, 2004). Strategic plans will use resources of people, money, facilities, and technical capabilities that are required in order to achieve the goals and objectives.The goal of information technology is to support these efforts and add value of speed, accuracy, and reliability (Mickler, 2008). In the games industry, success, novelty, and great innovative designs do not automatically mean that a company will enjoy long-term success. In fact, the annals of the gaming publishing industry is eroded with once triumphant companies that currently are no longer existence. It takes a distinct mixture of success and business savvy to stay afloat and competitive. This review is hypothetical, created solely to fulfill telephone line task requirements.The review of and title of an a rticle depicts Electronic Arts (from now EA) as Playing to Win, the fact is that they are indeed compete the business game to win. EA is one of the worlds foremost reliant interactive software package package ontogenesis and publishing company. Since its inception, EA has garnered more than 700 awards for outstanding software in the U. S. and Europe. According to their own on-line career opportunity web site EA(2010) they adduce that EA markets its products worldwide under four print logos and has over 33 product franchises that have reached more than a million unit sales worldwide.We will discuss more about their target market audiences in the next two sections. EA see themselves as a company that provides a product to its target market that appeals in the sense of interactive cinematic gaming experience. According to Salter (2002) Computer and video games are a bigger business than the movies, and the biggest force in games is Electronic Arts a company whose blockbuster title s dazzle millions of customers and generate billions of dollars in sales.As the world leaders in interactive entertainment we can say that EAs most important competitive advantage is the fact they have lasted 20 days in the business and has gathered enough experience to leverage inheritance into the entertainment gaming industry. Their other advantage is that they allow their 12 developing studios innovation freedom while impressing the discipline to meet deadlines. This means that its not all about gaming but also about planning, and management having a good business plan in place and a good vision is certainly a good competitive advantage.This is corroborated by Rabin (2010) when he says that the business plan developed was visionary and had three key elements first, that the creative talent at the company would be treated exchangeable artists, involved in the marketing, and prevalently revered more than at other companies in the industry second, that they would develop proprie tary tools and technology that would enable them to chop-chop develop their titles cross-platform and third, that they would handle the distribution to stores. Their primary target market (audience) is the users of travel entertainment systems.The customary gamers are males in between the ages 16-through 24 year of ages. EA has continue to expand and move their traditional demographics As the market expands, their enthusiasts is to form out how to publish products for people who are not the within the traditional demographic model. The fact is that EAs present their content to a wide general audience appealing to all key demographic market segments by logically brainstorming their products as an emotional experience, How do they create an emotional experience?The emotional experience is created through offering their target markets a highly targeted campaign contributing the opportunity for the user to interact with the game. Its a simple but very radical idea in which the users is part of the cinematic experience, therefore the user does not see the game as a toy but as an appealing realistic experience. Currently, their specific target market audience comprises a wide general range of users utilizing advance game consoles, personal computer system, video game consoles such as Nintendo, Play Station, Play Stations, and numerous others.Lets clarify one thing about game publishing companies. They are exactly just that Publishers , they dont consider themselves to be developers. The game entertainment publishing arena is quite ready and extremely competitive. Beside having fun and playing games it takes discipline to be creativity and code award winning games. This is a fact that is corroborated by Salter (2010) when he writes that it takes a tough company to make entertaining games. Salter quotes the president and COO of The forgotten look of creativity is discipline, beside discipline it takes a good development team and a good project manager with a sens e of scheduling, creating buzz about the product through a hard core marketing campaign.Everything centers around information technology especially the discipline of methodically managing their projects, their information technology systems play a large aspect of their success through regimented collaborative best practices across their an intranet library. In closing in my opinion what makes Electronic Arts a latent winner is their ability to take ingenious people who are highly motivated and talented and create excessive amounts of value. Electronic Arts Inc. (EA), headquartered in Redwood City, California, is the worlds leading interactive entertainment software company.Founded in 1982, the Company develops, publishes, and distributes interactive software worldwide for video game systems, personal computers, cellular handsets and the Internet. Electronic Arts markets its products under four brand names EA SPORTS, EA, EA SPORTS Freestyle and POGO. In fiscal 2008, EA posted GAAP net revenue of $3. 67 billion and had 27 titles that sold more than one million copies. We were tasked to improve the functionality of the site, both technically and visually.The technical aspects of keeping up with ncreased user demands and features and facilities offered by the site were all dealt with to everyones satisfaction. It was felt that the site architecture and the user experience still left room for improvement, and we have oodles to offer to fill this need. It was also important to ensure that the CRM and frontend complimented one other visually. Above all, we wanted the access site to offer an equivalent experience to the Flash site, rather than an alternative one. Our reputation as designers with flair for translating a companys brand onto their website and for creating great user experiences got us this project.We were given the responsibility of revamping the entire site to reflect the brand of the company. Creating a site that was easily scalable and low on ma intenance was also one of the primary requirements. We made the site made very light and the transfer speeds were reduced substantially. Only a few colors were used through most of the site, and two other colours were used where some specialization was needed. Style sheets were created to keep the vast amount of content consistent visually. A clean, slightly serious and professional look was given to the entire site.

The Representation of Race in Mass-Media

Race as a conversation, has emerged from society romanticizing the idea of biological and psychological differences existing amid various paganal groups. To comprehend and analyze the phenomenon of this racial dilemma, bingle moldiness have a complete under jump tabuing of how passionure and identity execution hand-in-hand within our society. By controlling most of the social institutions, much(prenominal) as spate communication, politics and corporations the dominant culture methodic every(prenominal)y everyplace indi send wordts and exploits the heathen minority groups, in dedicate to establish its own cultural identity. peerless much(prenominal) institution is mass media- an fabrication that not solo historic all in ally oppresses ethnic minority groups such as Afro-Ameri rears, exactly also diminishes their societal post to that of a second- categorize citizen through the use of stereotypical standards. Because, it is controlled rifely by the tweed lib perio dl elites- an autocratic, financially driven organization, whose primary(prenominal) objective is to hold dear the equity of clean-living culture mass media industry is therefore, forced to bend all moral conventions, in order to present ethnic minorities as antagonists.The ideas of Henry Louis furnish Jr. and Stuart pressure group accurately represent the century-old exploitatory and oppressive nature of mass media- an industry that has perpetually employed racialized discourse and racist expressions against ethnic minorities such as Afro-Americans, in order to pose them as subordinate. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist and sociologist from the United Kingdom, suggests that kindity should merely not just study the theme of culture, tho when also vision it as a primary source of social interactions (Proctor 16).Because culture is a site of an ongoing struggle of power betwixt different ethnic groups, what Hall is suggesting is that, one should merely study it with th e mind discipline of exposing each and any one its negative consequences on humanity. According to Hall, in American culture, the mass media industry is one of the main reasons why such a power struggle continues to exist within our society.He describes mass media as an industry that not only generates and influences the beliefs of mankind, but also produces agencys of the social beingness, images, descriptions, explanations, and frames for understanding how the world is and why it works as it is said and shown to work (Hall, The Whites 19). Since the beginning of time, lean has played a vital role in the transformation of human spirit. Therefore, as long as this ideal exists in our society, mass media go forth continue to exploit it for financial profits.During the eighteenth-century, racial stereotyping was so widespread in the United States that any il impulserator could pick up a pen and get off minorities based on the two themes of their lack of culture and innate lazi ness (Hall, commission 249). These caricaturists and cartoonists degraded the African-American community by exaggerating their physical characteristics plumping noses, frizzy hair, wide faces, dark complexion, thick lips and hips, etc (Hall, mental representation 249).Hall describes such a form of ethnic discrimination as a racialized regime of representation, a phenomenon that continues to exist, even in the twenty-first century (Hall, The Whites 26). throughout chronicle, African-Americans have always been presented as a bleed that is juvenile, one-dimensional, and greedy for silver and sex, and perpetrators of violence and crime (Hall, Representation 272). The uneven distribution of power in American culture has allowed the color cosmos to characterize the lives of African-Americans as inferior, an objectification that has been rigid in time and space.Popular representations of racial stereotypes against African-Americans can be examined in the American cinema of the mi d-twentieth-century. Donald Bogles 1973 critical study titled, Toms, Coons, Mulattos, Mammies, And Bucks an interpretive history of sullens in African call fors analyzed the five main stereotypes that were customary in Hollywood celluloids of the fifties and mid-sixties Toms- the good Negros, who were always chased, harassed, hounded, flogged, enslaved, and insulted (Bogle 6).Coons- a minatory child who was unreliable, crazy, lazy, subhuman creatures good for nothing than eating watermelons, stealing chickens, slam crap, or butchering the English language (Bogle 7). The Tragic Mulatto- a funfair skinned, mixed-race woman, with whom the viewers sympathized, because she was refused entry into the light community because of her tainted blood (Bogle 9). Mammies- the predominant black female servant who was big, loud, bossy, obese and self-sufficient (Bogle 9).Finally the no-account Bucks- physically strong characters, who were always big, badddd niggers, over-sexed and savage, violent and frenzied as they lust for vacuous flesh (Bogle 10). According to Hall, the feature-length film that gave birth to such African-American characteristics was David Llewelyn Griffiths The Birth of a Nation, released in 1915 (Hall, Representation 271). The silent film provoked great controversy, because not only did it promote washcloth supremacy, but also depict the Ku Klux Klan positively as heroes- a secret white society that was destined to transcend humanity to salvation.Griffith, a firm worshipper in anti-miscegenation laws and white supremacy, portrayed the African-Americans as negative characters who were a affright to white integrity hence they had to be eliminated. Therefore, as the film demonstrates, white supremacy is upheld, and the good (whites) triumphs over evil (blacks) when the Ku Klux Klan physically assault the African-Americans, cauterise their houses down and lynch them in public (Hall, Representation 252).Karl Heinrich Marx, a historied German p hilosopher, political theorist and sociologist argues that society is comprised of two classes the exploited and the exploiters (Balkaran 1). He suggests that in any given society, one class ordain at last conquer the other(a) and exploit it thereafter, through any means essential (Balkaran 1). Looking back at the American society of the nineteenth-century, it is evident that there was an existence of such class system, one in which the white population overpowered the African-Americans, and forced them to be slaves (Balkaran 1).Even in present day, such a form of exploitation can be discovered in the racial stereotyping of ethnic minority groups. According to Stuart Hall, the uneven distribution of power amidst the exploited and the exploiters can not only lead to economic profiteering, but also physical violence (Hall, Representation 259). This power has such a strong influence that it can allow one to represent the other in any form desirable positive or negative.Hall describ es such a form of objectification as a racialized regime of representation, a phenomenon that has negatively influenced the lives of African-Americans for centuries (Hall, The Whites 26). In the eighteenth-century, American culture granted an unholy power to the white population- the authority over African-Americans forcing them to be slaves, hindering their achievement and confining them to lives to subordination. The white owners overpowered the black male slaves physically and emotionally by illustrating them as a gender, which did not have the apacity to own land or provide adequately for their families (Hall, Representation 262). As a result of the self-control of these male attributes, black slaves were portrayed to the rest of the world as adolescents, who could uncomplete take care of themselves or their families- a stereotype that is prevent, even in present day. Such stereotypes are only a reference to what has been conceptualized in fantasy by the ones who hold most o f the power (Hall, Representation 262).By representing the African-American slaves as lazy and incompetent, the elites are corrupting the minds of and perceptions of the general public. For Hall, racial stereotypes only present one-half of the story, the other half is where the deeper nitty-gritty lies (Hall, Representation 263). What he is referring to is the smell of a single racial stereotype leadership to two different and independent human perceptions. This idea of a icon meaning existing in a single stereotype can be examined in Antoine Fuquas 2001 motion picture Training Day.In the film, whenever Denzel Washingtons character, Detective Alonzo Harris acts masculine, he negatively portrays the African-American community as perpetrators of violence, in addition to promoting the stereotypical black dewy-eyed behavior. However, in accordance with Halls notion of an implicit meaning existing in every stereotype, one can see that the macho behavior is validating a much more di sturbing and involved white fantasy- that African-Americans are in fact aggressive, better endowed than their white counterparts, over-sexed and superspade (Hall, Representation 263).Henry Louis Gates Junior, an eloquent commentator on issues of multiculturalism and racialism argues that the direct correlation between race and racism can be disputed. What he is suggesting is that discrimination against ethnic groups is linked more to the phenomenon of power dealing than any biological assimilation (Daley 1). He believes that the notion of race is barely a fabrication, one with no real purpose with the exception of perfunctory discussions, because races, put simply, do not exist, and to claim that they do, for whatever misguided reason, is to stand on dangerous groundFor, if we believe that races exist as things, as categories of being already there, we cannot escape the danger of generalizing about observed differences between human beings as if the differences were consistent a nd determined, a priori (Gates 402). He is arguing that the notion of race has simply been incised in humanitys consciousness with one goal in mind- to restrain ethnic minorities to lives of subordination. Throughout the nineteenth-century, the Iroquois in Canada and the blacks in America were being forced into the so called civilized white Christian society, because the bodies of these ethnic minorities were deemed inferior.Therefore, Gates believes that the portrayal of minorities was due to the wrongful fight of racial characterization, a process in which one generalizes about the attributes of an individualist (and treats him or her accordingly). Such generalizations are based upon a predetermined set of causes or effects thought to be shared by all members of a physically defined group who are also mistaken to share certain metaphysical characteristics can have rather little to do with aggression or contempt in intent, even if the effect is contemptible (but often well-in tentioned) (Gates 403).According to Gates, not only does this form of representation lead to a racist benevolence, paternalism and sexual attraction towards African-Americans, but also a romanticizing of black culture (Daley 2). This form of racial representation was condescending to the African-Americans, because it envisioned them as having instinctual physical, structural, and biological characteristics of greed and violence. Through the use of mass media, white supremacists stand for black culture as being an entity that was separate from the African-Americans (Daley 2). muss media at time of the twentieth-century played a vital role in forming and reflecting public opinion on the issues of racial representation and discrimination. As a result of media, the word Negro began to be associated with the balance of power in society. It became a metaphor of the conflict between good and evil, educated and barbaric, schoolmaster and servant- a fight for the control of power a strugg le that was etched into the consciousness of all Americans (Daley 2).By negatively representing the African-Americans, mass-media had caused a division between the blacks and the whites- a rift that is still evident in twenty-first-century not only in the United States, but all over the world (Daley 2). One can argue that not only has this gap dictated every discussion related to race and racial bias of our time, but that it will continue to do so for centuries to come with no end in sight. Media will continue to depict African-Americans as individuals who perpetrate violence, and are only motivated by greed and ex, because this approach allows the industry to gain a mass audience- a predominant white population that believes in white supremacy and wants to see the black race oppressed and destroyed. Linking back to Gates view on minority groups being confined to lives of subordination in the eighteenth-century, one can see that mass-media in present day carries out the same form of oppression. Because the industry is driven by monetary profits, it employs racial prejudice in its broadcasts, and enforces certain negative stereotypes against minorities, in order to confine them to deteriorated lifestyles.The American cinema of the mid-twentieth-century is regarded by many cultural sociologists as an era that promoted the positive representation of African-Americans for the first time. Motion pictures released in the early fifties enlightened the general public of the sensitive issues of race and stereotypes. In spitefulness of the industry being controlled predominantly by the elite class of White-Americans, the films that were generated, characterized the black community as positive role models.A clear-cut theoretical account of such positive racial representation in mass media can be found in Stanley Kramers The Defiant Ones, a 1958 cult classic, in which the character of Noah Cullen portrayed by Sidney Poitier disregards the notion of differences in race i nstead assisting a white prisoner escape from jail. Not only did the portrayal of Noah Cullen allow Poitier to score a BAFTA award for best faker in a lead role it also secured his admission into mainstream Hollywood films.Following the success of The Defiant Ones, Poitiers on screen roles instantaneously exemplified everything that the stereotypical African-American figure was not (Hall, Representation 253). Even though the white elites controlled American cinema, they continued to construct characters for Poitier in such a way so as to positively portray the African-American community. His film characters were widely accepted by the white population as one of their own, because the morals, and behavior that he exhibited, met the standards of the mass audience (Hall, Representation 253).Poitiers characters represent the quintessential Caucasian male one who was fluent in English, well-educated, cause to be perceived and had proper table etiquette (Hall, Representation 253). His tory had repeated itself in the matter of Sidney Poitier, because by portraying the role of a reformed African-American male, he relinquished the very little power that he had, to the white elites. In the eighteenth-century, the White-American population established its identity by means of absorbing ethnic minorities into their so-called civilized Christian body.Because white elites had transformed Poitiers African-American character, from an un-cooperative, over-sexed, savage beast into a sexless, docile and sterile civilized human race he no longer posed a threat to the integrity and dignity of white culture (Hall, Representation 253). In the late sixties and early seventies, American cinema implemented different strategy, in order to financially exploit the African-American community. The industry introduced a new class of African-American heroes- individuals who challenged the notion of white culture as superior to all others.Case in point, Gordon Parks 1971 box office succes s, Shaft, in which the main character- a black detective disputes the very existence of white senile power in American society (Hall, Representation 271). To attain level best pleasure in his mythic life, John Shaft resorts to violence, drugs, illegal coin and sexual relations with white and black women (Hall, Representation 271). The stereotypical notion of an African-Americans child-like dependency on the white community that had been prevalent since the eighteenth-century could no longer be applied to John Shaft, because he was positive and self-sufficient.Because, his elegance and charisma appealed to the African-American audiences, they were susceptible to the exploitation of the film industry. forbidding viewers were able to identify with characters such as John Shaft, because they represented a mythic life- one which was glorious and heroic (Hall, Representation 271). They flocked to theatres by the thousands, in order to watch films that depicted the triumph of black ov er white, but what they failed to recognize was that such movies were only produced so that they could be financially exploited.Word Cited Balkaran, Stephen. Mass Media and Racism. Yale University. Oct. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http//www. yale. edu/ypq/articles/oct99/oct99b. htmlfn1. Gates, Henry L. Race, writing, and difference. Chicago University of Chicago, 1986. Hall, Stuart. Representation cultural representations and signifying practices. London Sage Publications Ltd. , 1997. Hall, Stuart. The Whites of Their Eyes Racist Ideologies and the Media. London capital Linings, 1995. Bogle, David.Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. New York Viking, 1973. Mike Daley The representation of race in mass media. Mikedaley. net. York University. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http//www. mikedaley. net/essay_raceinmassmedia. htm. Procter, James. Stuart Hall. London Routledge, 2004. Balkaran, Stephen. Mass Media and Racism. Yale University. Oc t. 1999. Web. 03 Dec. 2009. http//www. yale. edu/ypq/articles/oct99/oct99b. htmlfn1.

Bead Bar Consultant Activity

The randomness technology aspect is a rapidly booming industry in the present influences almost all of the relevant activities in the social and frugal fields. Beca physical exertion of this earthshaking influence, most of the major social and economic industries rely oft to the cherish of entropy and the effects of their exchange in the operations of individually respective organization. However, beca work of the dependence of most economic and social transactions to the value of information, several risk issues be now being considered influential and meaningful to the information operations.Included in this aspect are the certificate nemesiss imposed by (1) poorly written software or improperly configured systems, (2) figurer viruses and worms, (3) external breaches, and (4) internal breaches. The start-off issue posts some significant threat because poorly written or configured software are to a greater extent vulnerable to breach attack and viruses. Aside from this, p oorly made softwares are also likely to become unstable and unreliable for actual use because of the negative characteristics that are likely to have been overlooked in the use of the system.Computer viruses and worms on the other hand tend to alter the normal processes in the information system causing significant leaks or instability in the operations. External and internal breaches are both threats on the literal meaning as they manifest unauthorized find to the informations though they vary solo from the nature of the source. 2. Develop a security awareness-training invention for employees and franchisees. Knowing the significant threats to information security is an important aspect in the reading of a security awareness plan for each organization.In general, the plan moldiness be able to place each of the known threats including anticipation, development of a defense, and the streak of future occurrences. The security awareness plan mustiness classify in the first pla ce into two approaches namely the information defense and the physical security plan. The first encompassed the protection of the information through firewalls and security system, the protection of the storage facilities, and the access of these informations. The physical security must encompassed the actual factors involve in the protection much(prenominal) as the people involved in the information and others.The security plan must mainly anticipate the threat through develop a protection against known breach and virus infection, scrutinize and bring up the access, prevent any unauthorized connection, and report the possibilities of leaks and the cases of intrusion. Most importantly in the security plan is the unending update, regular development and the close supervise of the protection system to ensure its effectiveness and reliability against the threats to the information system. 3.Which Internet-based selective information backup plans should be used? Part of the securi ty plan, which the organization itself must consider critically, is the aspect of recovery and backup for any intrusion calamity to their information system. Included in this concern is the backup system of the information system and operation of the organization, which is significant for their recovery process. Some of the common approaches to address this need are establishing a security partner to act as a storage facility of the backup data of the organization.These security partners are commonly internet-based serving as the primary data backup plan of most organization for situation of critical intrusion, infection or breach. The development of the internet-based data backup plan must also be coarse as they are similarly critically to the security plan. Several issues and aspects must be satisfied in this data backup plan such as their protection in terms of alteration, tampering or intrusion, isolation, and the constant update of the backup solution.

Economic Challenges In Health Care Health And Social Care Essay

This paper explores the uninsurable and underinsured job that is know in the States. It talks somewhat perplexing statistics sing these two issues. Another subject discussed is the health handle clear mensuration and asks wherefore the States is so opposed to much(prenominal) a dear(p) adjustment. The chief focal point of this paper is on calcium and to a capitaler extent specifically San Mateo County. Discussed be commonwealth and county health pull ins a huge with one of San Mateo County s largest wellness system Mills-Peninsula wellness run away, which is a Sutter Health affiliate. scotch Challenges in Health CargonToday, wellness economic serve is at the top of social and economic issues that ar faced by Ameri give the sacks. medical checkup circumspection and amends costs ar on the rise and atomic number 18 impacting the throw of a huge bulk of Ameri lay approximatelys. Americans atomic number 18 organism faced with the inability to al pitiableance for health check aid that is needed. In the whole im board this is non further impacting the uninsurable but Americans with wellness amends argon to a fault affected. The body politic of calcium has high Numberss of mint that are uninsured or underinsured. atomic number 20 has polar ends in topographic point to help the general populace that is scatty equal wellness c oer maturate and as well as aids those with no coverage. calcium has province and county forges to assist with the load of non h senileing amends and it besides helps extension occupants who are underinsured. Medi-Cal is one of the most accessed juts by the occupants of atomic number 20. The county of San Mateo is one of the larger counties in atomic number 20 and expresss some of the highest Numberss of underinsured and uninsured peck of the province. This county has plans set in topographic point that leave behind assist with those who qualify. Mills-Peninsula health check function, one of th e largest wellness systems in the county, besides provides aid for those who are underinsured and/or uninsured. Mill-Peninsula Medical function is a portion of the Sutter Health System, which is a not-for-profit makeup that is community based. Mills-Peninsula is at that coif for the community and for heap who need wellness upkeep that can non give in it at other installations. When looking at all of the Numberss and statistics, why does America non desire the Health Care Reform? The Health worry Reform ordain offer legion benefits to America. Americans need to be able to pronounce their political science and adopt to be assured that the authorities is making what is crush for the unify States.-I think you should interrupt this immense paragraph into a a few(prenominal) smaller 1s. Seems like it is all running together but necessarily some differentiation.Underinsured are those in the population who stick wellness indemnification but still attain monetary troubles compriseing for their wellness guardianship demands. Underinsured persons are faced with lifting wellness assistance premiums, deductibles, and copayments either snap right as their insurance programs keeping restrictions for assorted services. Underinsured persons may be besides faced with higher bring out-of-pocket disbursals. The linked States is get downing to be known as a state with the worst wellness attention systems in the universe. The coupled States does non supply any attractive of cosmopolitan wellness attention for its citizens and besides has one of the highest rates of wellness attention expenditures. The interest are points harmonizing to wellness attention statisticsIn 2007, about 50 zillion Americans did non hurl wellness insurance, go another 25 one thousand thousand were underinsured.The pump people pay for wellness insurance increased 30 per centum from 2001 to 2005, while income for the same period of clip merely increased 3 per centum.The si nless one-year premium for a typical dwelling ho enforce take on wellness insurance program offered by employers was $ 12,680 in 2008.Health attention expenditures in the United States exceed $ 2 trillion a twelvemonth. In comparing, the national figure is $ 3 trillion a twelvemonth.The figure of people who are underinsured has swelled 60 per centum to 25 million over the past four old ages.The fastest turning section of the underinsured is the in-between and upper income households ( Health attention statistics 2011 ) .In the population of the uninsured, an estimated ten per centum of kids and striplings still remain uninsured, about ogdoad million. Research has been conducted and its consequences excite shown that 20 per centum of kids and striplings go away hold a diagnosable mental or substance usage status each twelvemonth, which in Numberss is about 1.6 million. The figure of grownups who are uninsured is about 20 per centum of Americans, which is 37 million people un der the age of 65 ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . These Numberss are being shown higher referable to the American unemployment rate. It is expected to turn every bit long as the unemployment Numberss stay increased. Statistically by cultural beginning, 19.6 per centum of African-Americans and 32.7 per centum of Hispanics are uninsured while the White, non-Hispanic population merely account for 11.3 per centum ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . While those Numberss are merely demoing the population that is without insurance the spare-time activity class to be discussed is Americans who work insurance but are underinsured.Approximately 50 per centum of kids and striplings are underinsured, 40 million in Numberss ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . Adults under the age of 65 are oftentimes underinsured by Medicare and Medicaid due to certain(a) restrictions. For the one-hundred million grownups who defend insurance through and through private suppliers, being underinsured is a job for about hexad million o f them ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) .It is easy to see why people are uninsured due to the point they either do non arrive to hold a wellness program or they can non afford to hold a medical wellness program. Looking into why people are underinsured includes many a(prenominal) factors. almost earthly concerns for being underinsured include but are non limited to employers non holding group insurance offered to their employees. Another ground is wellness benefits being likewise expensive, therefore persons can non afford programs. Although persons may measure up for province insurance, their portion of cost may be excessively expensive.Underinsured persons include people who are insured all twelvemonth but have at least one of the undermentioned qualifiers medical disbursals great than ten per centum of one-year income, an one-year income less than two-hundred per centum of the federal poorness degree and medical disbursals greater than five per centum of one-year income, wellness p rogram deductibles equal to or greater than five per centum of one-year income ( Nunley, MD, 2008 ) . The undermentioned are known facts about underinsured Americans rough 16 million grownups with full-year coverage were underinsured in 2003. One out of every three grownups in the United States is either uninsured or underinsured.Underinsured grownups are more than likely than those with more equal coverage to face hold programs with higher cost- sharing characteristics, program bounds, and more restrictive benefits.Despite their more limited coverage, underinsured grownups frequently incur high out-of-pocket costs.One-third of the underinsured rated their insurance negatively, approximately double the rate of those with more equal insurance.The underinsured are more likely than those with more equal coverage to be insured by beginnings other than employer-based programs than those with more equal coverage ( Nunley, MD, 2008 ) .These statistics are perplexing. It is dismaying to c ogitate of these types of Numberss to be true. One would neer believe that here in America, the citizens are traveling without equal wellness attention needs because of being uninsured and/or underinsured. With these scaring Numberss and statistics shown above, one would believe that the American leaders would be stepping in to assist modulate the wellness attention demands of their people. It is known that when these wellness attention measures are non being paid it is increasing the cost of wellness attention in America as a whole. If a infirmary and/or clinic is non having money due to Americans being unable to pay their medical measures, so in fact, wellness installations will necessitate to increase costs for those who can afford wellness attention so the installation, itself can remain afloat.Health attention reform was set into drama by United States chairwoman Barack Obama to offer the population to have wellness attention benefits. The ideal ground for the Health Care Refor m is to diminish the cost of wellness attention in America. There are many people who are against this. The lawful thinking is so simple to see with all of the benefits that it has to offer. So why non take advantage of this?A great intelligence publication was through by MSNBC where polls were taken on the positions of Americans. A dubiousness that was asked was do you believe the authorities should remain out of Medicare? ( Schuster, August 20, 2010 ) Thirty-nine per centum of Americans verbalise Yes to this inquiry, but why? wherefore do Americans truly believe that the authorities should remain out of this? Of those 39 per centum of Americans, do they non already cognize that Medicare is already a authorities remunerator plan? We all are already paying r withalue enhancements to hold Medicare. America to a point moldiness be misinformed or non even cognize what Medicare truly is.The inquiry that make an oculus gap experience is that 54 per centum of people who took this study estimate that if wellness attention was reformed it would take to authorities take over. Peoples in America must be opposed to alter. There are no words stated in the measure that should of all time take to a authorities return over. When looking at other states that have cosmopolitan wellness attention, it is really successful. People sense alteration and do non desire to listen to the facts of what benefits this will offer to America.Another ground many American citizens are concerned with wellness attention reform is that they are scared of a authorities decease panel. Forty-five per centum of people who were surveyed sight that the Health Care Reform would really bespeak that the authorities would hold a say ( Schuster, August 20, 2010 ) . This in all actuality would non be a bad persuasion. Should a revenue enhancement remunerator be liable to hold to pay for person whose household members want to maintain them on life support? If there are known facts that a perseve ring is encephalon dead and there are no other options so yes, why non hold a panel that decides this? If America wants to maintain their wellness attention monetary values first base so there does necessitate to be boundaries set. The measure, though, does non province any kind of a decease panel. Why is America so afraid of this so?Some Americans feel that they have been misinformed about old de statusinations and now some are unsure for this new-fashioned alteration. Harmonizing to some of these statistics, this could be the job. America needs to be able to abide alteration and assure themselves that this is the best option.Harmonizing to the measure, the cost will be $ 940 one thousand thousand dollars over 10 old ages. In twenty old ages this will cut down our shortage by $ 1.2 trillion dollars ( Jackson, 2010 ) . The measure states that no wellness attention coverage would cover abortions ( Jackson, 2010 ) . Some Americans believe that this will be covered but why do they believe this when it has been clearly lined out in the measure.Since the twelvemonth of 2000, calcium has had a cosmic addition in the per centums of people who are uninsured. Almost one triple of the uninsured have household incomes of more than $ 50,000 per twelvemonth. In the province of atomic number 20 more than 60 per centum of the uninsured populations are Latino. California has the 6th largest balance wheel of uninsured in the state and the largest entire figure of uninsured ( Fronstin, 2010 ) . California has 32.5 million in the entire population of the province. In those entire Numberss 6.8 million are uninsured occupants. This figure shows that there is a entire of 21 per centum of California occupants that do non transport any kind of wellness coverage. oer the past few old ages, Medi-Cal has helped countervail such(prenominal) worsening Numberss in California occupants non holding insurance but it is non available to everyone hence, it is difficult for the occupan ts to hold linkage to measure up for this province wellness plan. A august fact stated by Fronstin is that California has a higher residuum of uninsured occupants and lower rates of employer-based coverage than the state as a whole ( Fronstin, 2010 ) . In the province of California, one in five households that have an income between $ 50,000- $ 74,999 rely on some kind of public aid that is offered through the province or the county that the persons reside in. Research has shown that approximately 10 per centum of Californians with household incomes above $ 75,000 are without wellness insurance ( Fronstin, 2010 ) . This is why California needs to and does supply some kind of wellness aid for the occupants.The following tabular array defines the different province plans that are available to the uninsured and underinsured occupants in the province of CaliforniaTypes of ProgramsDescriptions access for Infants and Mothers ( AIM Program )This is a plan that is province funded with l ow cost wellness insurance for low to middle income pregnant adult females and their neonates.CaliforniaKidsThis is a wellness attention foundation that provides pay wellness attention services to people of the ages 2-18.California Children s function ( CCS )CCS is a province funded plan that treats kids with certain wellness and disablement jobs.County Medical Services Program ( CMSP )CMSP is a county plan that helps people between the ages of 21-64. unless certain California counties offer this plan.Family PactFamily treaty is a plan for planning and generative services. water-loving FamiliesHealth Families is a province plan that offers low cost wellness and dental insurance for kids in low income households.Medi-CalMedi-Cal is a province and federal plan that is provided to people who qualify because of low or no income and/or for dearly-won disablements.RX Help for CAThis is a plan for persons who do non hold prescription drug coverage. ( Help for the uninsured, 2010 )Calif ornia offers many plans as shown. Medi-Cal is the largest plan that is accessed by the occupants. Medi-Cal helps many occupants of California absorb for wellness attention services. This is both federally and province funded. The Medi-Cal plan is support by federal and province revenue enhancements. To measure up for Medi-Cal the occupants of California must be under the age of 21 or over the age of 65 to measure up for Medi-Cal. If the applier applying is a get hitched with twosome ( one of the persons must be absent, deceased, temporarily or for good modify, unemployed and/or working less than 100 hours per month ) they will merely associate if there is a minor kid in the family. Besides, any one-on-one that may measure up for Medi-Cal regardless of age are those that are lawfully blind or are disabled and unable to work for a uninterrupted 12 months. Furthermore, if a individual has been assaulted and has pressed charges on the individual who committed the assault against the m they will besides hold linkage for Medi-Cal. Since Medi-Cal is a federal/state funded plan, it does hold regulations and guidelines for the people desiring to entree it. Anyone using for Medi-Cal can non hold property/assets over two-thousand dollars. The province will reexamine assets for appliers by sing look intoing histories, nest egg histories, stocks, bonds, 401K S, retirement financess, places and vehicles as belongings. Each family gets one vehicle and one house palliate for belongings and besides anything that is considered an irrevokable trust. If the belongings is over $ 2000 a spend-down procedure will be required. If the family income is over a certain resume accounting for each income in the family there will be a portion of cost to hold Medi-Cal. If one is seeking long term attention, where one member of the family needs to be in a long term attention installation and one partner is populating in the place, $ 111,560.00 is exempt for property/assets.Not everyone qualifies for Medi-Cal but is it available for the occupants who need this type of attention program and measure up for the linkage. In the province of California, there are over five million occupants that receive Medi-Cal. A true fact about Medi-Cal is that people do non even have to be United States Citizens to have these benefits. Some people who are having this aid are non even legal occupants in the United States. The undermentioned graphs show the Population dispersion by Ethnicity, Population Distribution by Language ( Primary speak Language ) and Population Distribution by Citizenship Status that have been compiled by the State of California. ( Population Distribution by Ethnicity, January 2010 ) ( Population Distribution by Ethnicity, January 2010 ) ( Population Distribution by Citizenship Status, January 2010 )After analyzing these graphs it clearly states the high use of Medi-Cal by linguistic communication, ethnicity and citizenship. The graph about citizenship shows that a individual can populate in the province of California and have Medi-Cal undocumented. Why the inquiry is asked about California traveling insolvent. California gives province and federal plans to undocumented foreigners. Counties in California besides contribute to the wellness attention system.San Mateo County is the fourteenth largest county in California. County broad there is a entire population of 754,285 people. San Mateo County offers six different plans to its occupants. These plans are Medi-Cal, CareAdvantage, HealthWorx, San Mateo Access and Care for Everyone ( ACE ) , salutary Families, and Healthy Kids. The following table defines eachPlanDescriptionMedi-CalMedi-Cal is for those who are ages 21 and younger and for those over the age of 65. Besides, those with disablements qualify for Medi-Cal. There are other regulations and judicial admissions that are involved in this plan.CareAdvantageCareAdvantage is a plan which combines Medicare and Medi-Cal benefits into one simple program.HealthWorxHealthWorx is for certain excess aid employees that are employed by San Mateo County, it is for In-Home Supportive Services ( IHSS ) workers employed by the San Mateo County Public Authority and for certain parttime employees of the City of San Mateo.San Mateo Access and Care for Everyone ( ACE )San Mateo ACE is a plan for grownups age 21 through 64 who are non eligible for other province and federal insurance plans. The appliers must populate in San Mateo County, and have low-income. Legal mansion house position is required for ACE.Healthy FamiliesHealthy Families is for uninsured kids from birth to age 19 who are non eligible for full range Medi-Cal or Healthy Kids. Eligibility depends on kid s age, household size and income. United States citizenship or legal residence is besides required for this plan.Healthy ChildsHealthy Kids is for uninsured kids from birth to age 19 who are non eligible for Medi-Cal and Healthy Families. immigration position do es non impact eligibility for Healthy Kids. Eligibility depends on household income. Families must populate in San Mateo County. Children are required to hold been uninsured for six months in order to measure up.In the county, 92,272 occupants benefit from one of these plans which are about one-seventh of the population. A huge bulk of occupants enrolled in these plans are Spanish talking merely. San Mateo County has great benefits for its occupants in demand and besides has a great not-for-profit infirmary that offers farther aid to those in demand and that do non measure up for any of these plans or may be uninsured or underinsured.Sutter Health was created in January 2006, when the amalgamation of Sacramento Mills-Peninsula Medical Services and California Health attention System decided to do a alteration in the wellness attention systems in California. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services is known as a non for net income governance. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services is community own ed, which has been thought to function the best for the patient s demands and besides the communities in general. It is a known fact that patients treated at a for-profit or authorities owned infirmary are two to four times more likely to endure from a preventable inauspicious consequence than a patient who is treated at not-for-profit organisations ( Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, 2011 ) .The shareholders for Mills-Peninsula Medical Services are the communities. A great benefit to this is that at for-profit wellness systems have financial inducements to avoid caring for the uninsured and underinsured patients. They besides have a fiscal inducement to avoid difficult to function populations and unwanted geographic countries such as rural countries. In many of Northern California s underserved rural venues, Mills-Peninsula Medical Services is the lone supplier of infirmary and pinch medical services in the community ( Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, 2011 ) .Mills-Peninsula Med ical Services provides charity attention and particular plans to communities. The support of the community helps the organisation go ballistic services, introduce new plans and better medical engineering. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services receives its support by federal grants, medical charities, medical insurance, and patients paying their measures. Due to the fact that there are many patients who are uninsured and who ca nt pay at that place measures, the ground for necessitating grants and charities are a important benefit for the wellness organisation. There have been generous contributions donated to the Mills-Peninsula Medical Services organisation ( Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, 2011 ) .Runing a not-for-profit organisation is entirely depended on its community. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services has given back on everything to its community since this is where the most financess are overture from. When the communities who are involved with the organisation dedicate themsel ves to those services the organisation in return can assist the communities by maintain up with the modish engineering, new accomplishments, and acquire the right specializer for the demands of all patients to see that the organisation is supplying the greatest wellness attention that is out at that place.Economic challenges in wellness attention affect the United States greatly. Uninsured and underinsured people mostly impact the societal and economical issues that are faced non merely in the province of California but besides in America. With America s unemployment rates at its highest, it besides affects why citizens are populating with out run intoing their medical demands. Without the province of California supplying some kind of public aid to its occupants, these Numberss could be higher and have an even greater impact on the province than what they presently do. It is great that the Sutter Health affiliate, Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, a not-for-profit organisation besi des provides support for the uninsured and underinsured occupants of San Mateo County. At this clip, the United States needs to implement some kind of aid to assist with run intoing all wellness attention demands for all persons or the figure and statistics that have been shown will maintain turning vastly.

War Has Changed Through the Ages

war has been one of the key institutions of the practice of international relations, and has always been a central focus of the study of international relations. In the post-cold struggle period many observers have suggested that the nature of war is undergoing fundamental changes, or even that in many parts of the world at least, it has function obsolete. With the advance of economic interdep remainderence through globalization, and the spread of democracy, roughly groups of states calculate to have puddleed security communities where war between them is no long a possibility.Elsewhere, however, war has continued to exist, and to take a number of polar forms. For some countries, such as the United States, the use of advanced engineering science to achieve dramatic victories against conventional armies has led to suggestions that a revolution in multitude affairs is under way. Other parts of the world, however, have been characterized by warfare in whichnon-state actors ha ve been prominent, the phalanx technology employed has been relatively unsophisticated, and atrocities have been commonplace. Such new wars, it is argued by many, are a unmediated result of the process of globalization.War has not disappeared as a form of mixer behaviour and shows no signs of doing so, though it is not necessarily an inevitable form of human behaviour and seems to have become ef ectively extinct in some parts of the world. Since the end of the cold war, the annual number of wars, the number of interlocking deaths, and the number of war-related massacres have all declined sharply compared with the cold war period. amongst 1989 and 1992 nearly one hundred wars came to an end, and in terms of battle deaths, the mid-nineties were the least violent decade since the end of the Second World War (University of British Columbia, Human Security Center 2005 17).Despite the overall decline in the incidence of war, however, in many regions it is very much present and is di splaying some novel features in comparison to those typical of the cold war period. In the contemporary world there are powerful pressures producing changes to national economies and societies. somewhat of these can be seen to rel ect the wallop of globalization, others are the result of the broader ef ects of post-modernity, precisely their cumulative ef ect has been to bring about signii cant political and cordial changes, which have in turn been rel ected in changed perceptions of the nature of threats coming from the immaterial environment. is in turn has inl uenced beliefs regarding the utility of force as an instrument of policy, and the forms and functions of war. In the past two centuries, the modern era of istory, war has traditionally been seen as a brutal form of politics, a way in which states desire to resolve certain issues in international relations, and an outcome of their willingness to amass military power for defensive measure and deterrence, and to projec t it in support of their foreign and defence policies. e two world wars of the twentieth century typii ed this nest to the instrumentality of war. In the post-cold war period, the kinds of threats that have driven the accumulation of military power in the developed world have not interpreted the form of traditional state-to-state military rivalry, just now have been a repartee to rather more amorphous and less predictable threats such as terrorism, insurgencies, and internal crises in other countries that seem to demand the projection of military force to resolve them.For some observers, the current era has seen a major(ip) evolution in the structure of international relations, with the dramatic political changes that followed the end of the cold war and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Changes in the international system of rules on this scale are not common in history, and when they get can be expected to have a major impact on the mechanisms by which the international sy stem is governed.At the same time, and partly as a result of the evolution of the international environment, changes are likewise occurring in the domestic attributes of many of the states that make up the international system. h ere has, for example, been a notable increase in the number of democratic political systems, but in the same period many other states have disintegrated into gracious wars and insurgency. he identity of the key players in international relations has also changed since the end of the cold war. h e world has become temporarily subject to the hegemonic control of a single state,

Expectations For Boys and Girls

Expectations for boys and daughters be extremely high in directlys society. A lot of slew feel pressure in todays society and so much so that some people feel the need to take their own lives. Some people ar able to rise above societies expectations, besides that is inc rosyibly hard to do and not everybody is strong enough to overcome that. The pressures of society follow everyone everyplace and different people must handle it in different right smarts. Expectations for girls ar a lot higher and a lot more pressured than expectations for boys.Girls ar pass judgment to be pretty and nice and clean, but that is not forever the case with every girl. They are expect to cook and clean as stated in Barbie Doll. The girlchild was born as usual and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons. This really marchs that girls are pressured into this kind of life from an early age. afterwards she hits puberty, expectations start to change, especially with her peers. Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said you consume a great big nose and fertile legs. Within her own peer group she is being mocked and put cut down until she jackpott take it anymore. In the casket displayed on satin she lay. scarce then did the people in her life comment on how she was pretty, but it was too late for her. In the other poem, Good Girl, girls are expected to hold up the world. Hold up the earth, good girl. She also gets compared to Atlas, the classic God who holds the world on his shoulders. Sever yourself, poor false Atlas. Unfortunately, this is true(p) because some women have to cook and clean the house for her family.You are the universe nearly its pole. Gods not fair. Some women even have to work for their families also and it is true that some women hold the world on their shoulders. Expectations for boys however are much different. In the poem, Dylan, a mother talks about how her young son doesnt have a engross in the world and i s so happy. On Monday he was Spiderman. All it took was red P. Js, gluey palms and two spools of thread. She then goes on to talk about how she wishes she could bottle up that happiness, It seems if I could stash just one of these get-ups and the way your heart soars. The mother than says, Little boy, you could don it the morning some girl wrecks you. She wants to give him his happiness when he is sad so he can immediately be happy again. This speaks to the expectations of boys in society because they are expected to never be sad but in truth, there allow for always be times when one is sad. In the other poem, Rites of Passage, the runty boys at the party feel the need to compare themselves to one some other to see who the alpha male is.One says to the other How old are you? Six. Im seven. So? Boys are expected to be pettish and tough and must appear that way especially to other boys. I could beat you up, a seven says to a six. Boys are not allowed to show their sensitive si de and if they do then they will be ridiculed. later on in the poem the host of the party, speaks to the group as a whole, We could good kill a two-year-old. And all was well between the boys again, because they all ground a common interest.

Disney Case Analysis Essay

It is 1984, and Disney is the tush of a potential coup by nonorious greenmailer Sual Steinberg. Disney is faced with the survival of fighting the takeover through the courts and media, or to repurchase Steinbergs sh bes, in effect, giving in to his greenmail attempt. However, there ar m whatsoever other st locategic issues which atomic number 18 facing Disney. These range from Disneys abysmal return on investment in young typography lay investments, to the complete chastisement of Disneys gesture picture partitioning, to Disneys alarmingly high dividend payout ordinate.In the following four sections, we will address these four issues Disney faces and recommend solutions to cleanse the pecuniary health of Disney. bag park mercantile establishment Recently, Disney has been following a bad investment policy. Disney invested a total of $1. 9 cardinal in Epcot over a 6 year period and has increased its detonating device expenditures on bailiwick put by a total of $1. 277 Billion from 1981 to 1983. Despite these massive investments in its composing parks, Disney has only earned a return of 4% on Epcot and an overall return on subject field parking lot assets of 6% in 1983.Disney ask to find a room to more efficiently invest its expectant letter and produce greater returns on its investments. Analysis In show to understand why Disneys writing Park investments reserve been so unsuccessful, we must analyze a good turn of different contributing factors. Why Disney is spend in Theme place? In order to understand why Disney is commit in Theme Parks, we need to take a look at the financial results of Disneys different ingredients. Out of Disneys 3 parts, cheer and Recreation (or cornerstone parks) is Disneys only segment which is nicely ageing its profits in addition to attaining a powerful profit margin.Motion pictures is currently suffering, and really losing money. Whereas, Consumer Products is producing profits and holding th e greatest profit margin, however profits are non growing signifi jakestly. After looking at this outline and cryptograph else, it appears as though Entertainment and Recreation is Disneys some economic segment and the one which they should be investing in. This is exactly what Disney is doing. Why are additional Theme Parks are the Wrong Investment? forward the expansion on saucily piece of music parks, Disneys older theme parks had enjoyed more or less(prenominal) success.As recently as 1978, Disneys Entertainment and Recreation segment had experienced a return on assets of 15. 7%. However, as Disney introduced vernal theme parks, they reached a point where the optimal hang on of theme parks had surpassed the de homophiled. This oversupply of theme parks buns be seen by pickings a look at the coupled States demographic data provided in the case. First, it must be understood that Theme Park attendance, and in turn r pointues, are driven by the younger demographic. ji be to the information above, the reality group that drives Theme Park revenues (0 to 14 historic period old) is actually shrinking from 1970 to 1995.This represents a decrease in demand for Disneys Theme Parks. Yet, at the aforementioned(prenominal) time, Disney is investing in and opening new theme parks. Essentially, Disney is increasing the supply despite a decrease in demand. This is counter intuitive by any economic standard. To further punt the claims that Disneys increased investment in theme parks is a bad move lets quickly analyze most measures of financial performance for their theme park segment. Clearly, the Entertainment and Recreation segment has experienced an abysmal return on assets recently.These numbers are even more disappointing when considering the Entertainment and Recreation segment produced an ROA 15. 7% as recently as 1978. Disney has made the wrong move in investing heavily in additional theme parks despite the population decrease in its main custome r segment. In order to remediate Disneys position, it must make some changes. Suggested flip-flops Overseas Theme Parks The demand for additional theme parks does not exist in the United States, as can be seen from looking at the demographic data above.Therefore, there is no reason for Disney to continue expanding and investing in additional United States theme parks. Disney demand to immediately s baksheesh United States theme park expansion. However, this does not mean that Disney must stop investing in theme parks altogether. Disney should look to other countries where there is a demand for theme parks. By looking for countries where the demographics are in their promote and there is commensurate demand without oversupply, Disney can begin to earn sufficient returns on their theme park investments. centering qualify Disneys counselling should stool foreseen the downside of overexpansion.Its even contingent that management did realize the overleap of demand, however the y may exhaust wanted to extract us much demand as possible by building more theme parks. Either way, the closing to invest so heavily in theme parks despite their main merchandise segment shrinking for the predictable hereafter is incomprehensible. Earning a ROA of 6% in 1983 on theme parks assets when a 1983 T-Bill earns 8. 86% shows an abysmal utilization of assets. Management responsible for the decision to invest so heavily in theme parks needs to be fired from the company. Implementation How to Expand OverseasFirst, Disney needs to assume market research in numerous modernized foreign countries. The revolve about(predicate) of this research needs to be on the demand levels for a theme park, and whether the demand outweighs the current supply of theme parks in each country. erstwhile Disney chooses the country with the most favorable supply and demand note, it can begin analysis to determine whether or not they should actually manufacture a theme park in that country. They will estimate cost and future cash flows in order to acquit a NPV analysis in order to determine whether or not Disney should actually require a theme park in that country.How to Implement Management Change Ask around management, and conduct interviews with high level managers in order to determine who was responsible for the decision to invest more heavily in theme parks. Once you have identified the main individual or individuals responsible for the decision, you let them know that they are being let go for their ineptitude. past, search for top management at other similar companies (or any promising prospects within Disney) to fill the open positions. Motion Pictures Issue The execution pictures business has been historically one of Disneys strongest segments since the company was founded.Over the years, unmixed demands like Snow White and Cinderella have provided valuable revenue streams for the company. submits have accounted for a significant add of Disneys lucr e and had a vainglorious impact on the performance of the company. However, in recent years the motion picture segments performance has been lackluster and recording an direct loss of $33. 3M in 1983. The recent failures in the motion picture segment had a profound ripple effect on Disneys financial performance. Just two years ago the same division boasted a 17. 59% profit margin and operating in cut of $34. M. Analysis The recent missteps can be attributed to a failed TV channel startup, lack of a smash hit movie hit, and the cancelation of a new Disney TV show on CBS. Although the film industry in general was suffering in 1983, the performance of Disneys motion pictures division was abysmal. Suggested Changes New Management Performance in this division has steadily declined over the then(prenominal) three years. New talent needs to be brought in to help revitalize this division. Disney has been a household induce since the advent of cinema and should not be lagging behind the ir rivals.Management needs to be held accountable for these failures. Increased Investment in Film Disney has arguably been one of the most successful film companies in the world since it was started in 1923. Creating, distributing, and selling films have been a marrow squash competency of Disney for umpteen years. Disney needs to invest more money into creating innovative films and future smash hits. For the past several years, there has been a disparate list of funds invested into their park business compared to the motion picture segment. Disney needs to focus on their core competency of film and invest into motion pictures.Historically, this business has proved to be lucrative and these additional resources will help finance future blockbuster movies. Implementation How to Acquire New Management Currently, many of the Disney executives worked under Walt Disney, himself, and often wont accept projects due to the reasoning that Walt wouldnt do that. It is hard for creative ta lent to come up with great ideas and have them put down without any reasoning, other than a dead man wouldnt have approved their ideas or projects. The current executives ties are too strong to the late Walt Disney and at least some of them need to be replaced with fresh blood.Fire the executives who are the most re big(p) offenders of the above mentioned offense. In order to replace them, we suggest that Disney looks to other top movie studies for executive talent. How to Increase Investment in Film fleck Disney is halting its theme park expansion in the United States and conducting market research overseas for new sites, a lot of additional capital will be lying around waiting to be invested. Once the new executives are in place, we suggest that Disney allocates a considerable amount of its free capital to motion pictures and see what kind of results that its newly chartered executives can produce.Dividend Policy Issue One of the many vital points of recreate that Ron miller m ust address as Disney moves into the future is making a decision on its dividend policy. When looking at the dividend policy of the company, it is critical to conduct a financial ratio analysis of the company. Upon doing so, certain trends can be noticed. One of these noticeable trends happens to fall within the dividend payout rate. For over a decade, the dividend payout rate fluctuated only slightly staying in the range of 4% to 8%. Then beginning in 1978, the dividends began to increase exponentially arriving at a rate of 44. 4% only phoebe bird years later in 1983. This five year spike in the dividend payout rate has come at the same time as the network per trade continue to fall. This immediately should cite concerns for the financial security of the company. Analysis In deciding on a dividend policy, it is crucial for the company to decide how festering oriented it would like to be. verbalize simply, the more dividends Disney decides to pay out, the less retained earning s it has to put into future positively ranged projects. This can be seen in the companys sustainable growth rate.Calculating for 1883, the growth rate is only 3. 70% Given the large dividend payout rate of 44. 44%, Disney cannot grow with retained earnings at anything more than a modest 3. 70%. If Disney wanted to grow more than that, it could consider taking on more debt. The company has historically been averse to taking on too much debt and will most likely want to continue that trend into the future. If Disney wants to continue to grow without taking on debt, the company will need to consider lowering the dividend payout rate. Suggested Change Lower DividendsTo align the dividend payout rate more closely with earnings per address along with setting the company up for more future growth projects, it is crucial in Disneys financial planning that they cut put up the dividend rate. It is our suggestion that Disney reduces its dividend so that its dividend payout ratio is in line with its historic payout of about 7. 50%. This will require Disney to cut its dividend down to $. 20 per contribution (based on 1983 EPS of $2. 70 per share). Decreasing the dividend to $. 20 per share would nearly stunt woman Disneys sustainable growth rate, increasing it to 6. 16%.As a result, Disney would be able to finance more projects through retained earnings and continue to keep its leverage down. Implementation How to Lower Dividends Obviously, shareholders are not passing game to be happy to hear that you want to cut the dividend by 83%. This is why you have to issue a press sledding for general shareholders and at least a conference call or meeting with major shareholders to inform them of your intentions. During the conversation with shareholders, you are going to have to explain how it was a mistake in the past to increase dividends as earnings per share continued to slide.Let the shareholders know that you are going to correct this mistake now, rather than letting it continue to slide. Finally, mention that fall dividends will also help Disney remain a financially healthy company by keeping its debt low. Corporate Takeover Attempt Issue Possibly the most important issue faced by Ron Miller and the leadership of Walt Disney Productions is the imposing takeover attempt by well-known corporal raider, Saul Steinberg. This attempt has been sparked by Walt Disneys current financial situation and performance.Currently, Disney seems to be an ideal target for a takeover. Disney has a great amount of cash on hand, totaling about $18 million. This, along with Disneys underperformance and inefficiencies, are strong motivating factors for Steinbergs attempt. It is likely that Saul Steinberg believes Walt Disney Productions to be undervalued. This is a conclusion shared by most raiders about the targets in takeover attempts. Disney is currently trading at $50 per share. Steinberg just initiated a ardent offer for 49 percent of the company for $67. 50 pe r share.This is where Ron Miller must face a difficult decision by giving in to the greenmailing attempt by agreeing to purchase back Steinbergs shares at a premium, or letting Walt Disney Productions fall victim to a takeover. Analysis It is essential for the future of Disney for us to examine the value of the company. From there, Disney must decide at what price, if any, should they demoralise back Steinbergs shares. As stated earlier, Disneys air has been recently trading at $50 per share. (Graph) For our analysis of valuing the company, we calculated a WACC of 16. 6%, as well as three different possible growth rates of 8%, 11%, and 13%.From these calculations we were able to dead reckoning an estimated company value of $68. 12 per share. This would lead us, as well as Saul Steinberg, to believe Disney to be undervalued. Recommendation Dont defile Steinbergs Shares To successfully ward of Steinberg and his attempted takeover, Disney must offer him a hefty premium for the purc hase of his shares. With his ownership of 12% of the company and his recent attempt for 49 percent of it, a pivotal decision must be made. However, after valuing the company and weighing possible options, we have come to a recommendation.For the sake of both the shareholders and stakeholders of the company, it would be not be intoxicating to buy the shares owned by Saul Steinberg. A decision to give way to Steinbergs greenmail would greatly cripple the company from a financial standpoint. If Disney were to buy his share of the company, investors would experience a huge decline in their shares. such a decision would be made solely to preserve the jobs and benefit of top managers of the company. Disney would be failing to maximize shareholder value, thus modify Disneys position in the market.We concluded that in order to vitiate the takeover attempt, Disney would have to pay Steinberg $69 per share. This is $0. 88 more than our estimated value of the company and a 38% premium wi th respect to the current share price. This would leave Saul Steinberg with $289. 8 million, or a profit of $24 million at the expense of Disneys shareholders. Implementation Dont Buy Shares, Improve Company Instead of buying the shares, Disney should focus on cleaning up its act as a financially sound company, as well as a leader in its various(prenominal) industries.With the likely replacement of Ron Miller and top executives, Disney would find itself in a position to change its current business policies. Disney is already highly capital intensive, with the recent increased spending on theme parks. The company should not be acquiring more debt by purchasing two new companies with no apparent synergies. Disney should immediately dump these unwisely obtained businesses. The money from these gross sales would enable Disney to invest in new business ventures, like expanding abroad and tapping into new markets.

Hawthorne, Brown and Poe Essay

The gothic component of the American Romantic Period of 1800-1860 produced several eerie and gothic works by talented literary minds. Three such pieces, The tell-tale spunk, The Birthmark, and Wieland were compose by Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Charles Brockden Brown. These works of fiction delve into the minds of seemingly unstable protagonists, and in so doing participated in the general Romantic theme of reacting against reason. These authors also adhered supercharge to the Romantic notion of elevating the human spirit as persons in neediness not of salvation but of being aroused to a truer consanguinity with the self.Thesis The main characters of each story defy the conventions of the time by gothic settings, anti-religious demonstrations and revolutionary psychological insights that lead to a better judgment of the dark side of human capabilities.A. Wieland by Charles Brockden Brown1. Wrote extensively on an array of topics2. Ushered in the ideas of the Am erican Romantic Period3. Strong psychological state of fe potent character4. Weak psychological state of male characters5. External force having the power to awaken his true characterB. The tell-tale heart by Edgar Allan Poe1. Psychologically challenged character2. More insight into the inner kit and boodle of the unsound mind3. Takes the reader into uncharted territory4. Narrator an purpose in self- noesis5. Death of a beautiful womanC. The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne1. Death of a beautiful woman2. Gothic tradition of evil and mystery3. Puritanical hypocrisy4. Salvation through self knowledgeConclusion The three authors Brown, Poe, and Hawthorne, along with their works Wieland, The tell-tale heart, and The Birthmark, examine several aspects of the American Romantic Period in which they were written. They display the gothic preoccupation with the ghostly and/or mysterious qualities of the unknown. They also delve into the psychological mysteries of the mind and demonstrate the moral weaknesses of humans. Finally, they seek to bring humans into such contact with the self so that elevation and improvement of the mind and spirit can go about through a thorough knowledge of the self and its functions.

Malnutrition in the Elderly with Dementia Essay

What is Malnutrition?Malnutrition is a state of nutrition (under or everywhere nutrition) in which a lack of protein, energy and different alimentarys causes measurable unseemly effects on tissue and/or dead body form, composition, function or clinical let outcome. We will focus on under nutrition as a nutritional concern. The main cause for concern among previous(a) hatful in the UK is that they atomic number 18 not feeding enough to maintain vertical nutrition. Among the population of previous(a) lot in occupantial care at that place are many to a greater extent underweight people than there are overweight or obese people, and in old era world underweight poses a far greater hazard to health than being overweight. The most recent information on the nutritional status of senior(a) people in Britain was reported in the National Diet and victuals Survey (NDNS) of people aged 65 years and over in 1998. In this survey, 3% of men and 6% of women sustenance at main o ffice were underweight, while comparable figures for those in occupantial care were 16% and 15% respectively.It is suggested, however, that risk of undernutrition is still not adequately identified in older people and that undernutrition is often associated with hospitalisation and poor health status.1 The level of undernutrition among older people with dementia in residential care is plausibly to be even higher, with estimates that as many as 50% of older people with dementia puzzle inadequate energy inhalants. Undernutrition is tie in to change magnitude mortality, increased risk of fracture, increased risk of infections and increased risk of specific nutrient deficiencies leading to a variety of health-related conditions that after part greatly affect the reference of life. Disease whoremonger also exert a potent determine on malnutrition as medical conditions can reduce victuals economic consumption and impair digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as affect how the body metabolises and utilises them.The causes of undernutrition in older people in residential care are often multi-factorial low income, living alone, limited mobility, and lack of facilities and social web can lead to undernutrition before admission, and this is often exacerbated by depression, bereavement and confusion. Factors that have been associated with undernutrition in care situations imply lack of palatability of food and opinionated timing of meals, lack of assistance with eating or redness of independence in eating, lack of acceptability of food provided to ethnic minorities and lack of sentience of the need for assessment and documentation of older people at risk of undernutrition.Malnutrition can be significant if a person has a BMI of slight than 18.5 kg/m2 had unintentional weight loss greater than 10% at heart the last 3-6 months a BMI less than 20kg/m2 and has had unintentional weight loss greater than 5% within the last 3-6 months People are als o at risk of becoming malnourished if they have eaten very little or nothing for more than 5 days and/or this pattern is likely to continue. Worryingly, more than 1 in 4 of all adults admitted for a hospital stay, to a mental unit or a care nucleotide is at risk of malnutrition. It is a well-documented fact that worldwide, the elderly population is increasing, and with it, the relative incidence of malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality in independently living older people, as well as in nursing domicil residents and hospitalised patients. Prevalence of malnutrition amongst the elderly population 35% in adults over 80 years of age 25 35% in adults 60 80 years 25% in adults less than 60 years of ageCauses of MalnutritionThere are many causes of malnutrition. These can include Reduced intake Poor appetite due to illness, food aversion, nausea or distressingness when eating, depression, anxiety, side effects of medication or drug addiction inability to eat This can be due to investigations or being held zilch by mouth, reduced levels of consciousness confusion difficulty in feeding oneself due to weakness, arthritis or other conditions such as Parkinsons Disease, dysphasia, vomiting, ugly mouth conditions, poor oral hygiene or dentition restrictions impose by surgery or investigations Lack of food availability pauperism poor quality diet at home, in hospital or in care homes problems with shopping and cooking Impaired absorption This can be due to medical and functional problems effecting digestion & stomach, intestine, pancreas and liver /or absorption Altered metabolism Increased or changed metabolic demands requirements related to illness e.g. cancer surgery, organ dysfunction, or treatment Excess losses Vomiting diarrhoea nutrient fistulae stomas losses from nasogastric losses tube and other drains or skin exudates from burns People at risk of MalnutritionAs we have seen, the groups most vulnerable to malnutrition include People just dispatch from hospital Elderly people (16% in residential care) People with cancer and other long-term conditions People recovering from surgeryRisk factors more specific to the elderlyDementia and other neurological disorders Alzheimers disorder Other forms of dementia Confusional syndrome Consciousness disorders ParkinsonismConsequences of MalnutritionMalnutrition can often go undetected and when left untreated, it can have serious consequences on health, which include Increased risk to infections Delayed tease healing Impaired respiratory function Muscle weakness and depressionDetection of MalnutritionThere is no alternative to measurements of weight and height, along with other anthropometric measures in specialist circumstances. These measurements can then be used with the following questions Has our resident been eating a normal and varied diet in the last just about weeks? Has our resident experienced intentional or unintentional weight loss recently? Rapid weight loss is a concern in all patients/residents whether obese or not Can our residents eat, swallow, digest and shine up enough food safely to meet their likely postulate? Does our resident have an unusually high need for all or some nutrients? Surgical stress, trauma, infection, metabolic disease, wounds, bedsores or history of poor intake whitethorn all contribute to such a need Does any treatment, disease, bodily limitation or organ dysfunction limit out residents ability to handle the nutrients for current or future needs? Does our resident have excessive nutrient losses through vomiting, diarrhoea, surgical drains etc? Does a global assessment of our resident suggest under victuals? Low body weight, loose fitting clothes, fragile skin, poor wound healing, apathy, wasted muscles, poor appetite, altered taste sensation, altered bowel habit. interchange with relatives may be important In the light of all of the above, can our resident meet all of their requirements by voluntary choice from the food available? Understanding that asking these questions take a significant hail of time and expertise, a number of screening tools have been developed to economic aid you identify whether our residents are at risk of malnutrition.Given the high preponderance of malnutrition and lack of proper management of patients/residents in various settings, performing a routine nutritional screening should result in early appointment of patients/residents who might have otherwise been missed. A screening tool should patron establish reliable pathways of care for patients with malnutrition. Screening for malnutrition (and the risk of malnutrition) should be carried out by healthcare professionals with appropriate skills and training.